Toyota Way

Asian Institute of Technology School of Management SM71. 42 Cross-cultural Management How does Toyota function its philosophies surrounded by lacquer and Thailand? pic Tutor Prof. Dr. Marie-Therese Claes Group 1 Ms. Phung Viet Ha Ms. Nguyen Le Hang Mr. Vu Quang Linh Mr. Nguyen Van Ha Mr. Nguyen Trung Thuc Date September 7, 2012 Executive summary In the 21 century, the world we inhabit is coming flat where numerous an(prenominal) political, social economic and cultural barriers hand over been being discharged. The development of global plaques means that clients, suppliers and argument whitethorn be located across a range of countries and regions.The number of interactions between people of incompatible cultural backgrounds in the workplace is growing exponentially in companies of all sizes. Understanding cultural differences and development cross-cultural communicating and coordination have change state of the essence(p) than ever before for organizations. These skil ls help organizations to work much effectively across cultural barriers. This paper examines the cross b sound out coordination between Toyota and its subsidiaries in Thailand. In this paper we give have a brief investigate about the intercultural problems of Toyota.How Toyota deals with cross-b methodicalness business coordination problem to become the global No. 1 automaker in general and Thailands betterseller automobile in particular is canvass on basic information and cross- nicety management. The empirical role of Toyota in Thailand is selected to for study and lessons learnt as Thailand is the set-back country in the oversea expansion of Toyotas manufacturing and where Toyota experience good practices in coordination mechanism between mother Corporation and its regional and local subsidiaries. 1. INTRODUCTION 1. Background on cross-cultural business coordinationCross-cultural business coordination aims at dealing with theinteractionof people from differentbackgrounds in the business world. Cross culture is a vital reduce in international business, as the victory of international tradedep oddments upon the smooth interaction of employees from different cultures and regions. A growing number of companies be consequently devoting substantial resources toward training their employees to interact effectively with those of companies in other cultures in an elbow grease to foment a positive cross-cultural experience.Nowadays, firms, especially those from developed countries, increasingly expand their business overseas in the get down of seeking for the competitive advantages of the new resources. This results in the much complex structure of multi-national corporations. Transnational corporations see cross-cultural business coordination real important in order to have smooth procedure and balance take hold between military headquarters and its subsidiaries toward production efficiency improvement. In this connection, the differences in langua ges, values and other props should be analyse and based on that find the ways to harmonize those for better coordination.Cross culture can be experienced by an employee who is transferred to a location in a nonher(prenominal) country. The employee must learn the language and culture of those nearly him. This can be more difficult if this person is acting in a managerial capablenesssomeone in this position whocannot effectively communicate with or understandtheir employees actions can lose their credibility. In anever-expandingglobal economy, cross culture andadaptability will cross to be important factors in the business world. 2. Toyota and its philosophies 1. About ToyotaToyota Motor Corporation was founded on August 28, 1937 by Sakichi Toyoda. After 70 years of manufacturing and developing, at the end of March 2012, Toyota conducts its business worldwide with 50 overseas manufacturing companies in 27 countries and regions. Toyotas vehicles ar sold in more than 160 countries and regions. The Toyotas capital r distributivelyed 397. 05 cardinal yen with 325,905 employees all around the world. Toyota is known as the Worlds N01 automaker with its regional headquarters in the North America (03 headquarters), Europe (01 headquarter) and Asia (03 headquarters).Thailand was the basic country where Toyota Motor Corporation started to expand its business overseas. Toyota Motor Thailand (TMT) was found in 1962 with the capital of 11 billion Baht. Toyota Motor Thailand grows continuously and reached the capital of 7,520 million Baht with 13,500 employees and production capacity of 550,000 units per year in 2009 (Toyota, 2009). TMT becomes one of the key contri plainlyors to Toyota worldwide, and Thailands number one automobile manufacturer. 2. Toyotas Vision and PhilosophiesTo manage subsidiaries around the world to carry out the alike Toyota quality, Toyota created a corporate philosophy thats has been passed down from generation to generation within ships company, which is called Guiding Principle at Toyota. Toyota edict of conduct and Toyota Way argon tools implementing to assist Toyota realize their goals. Toyota Code of Conduct was issued in 1998 providing a basic, detail explanation and examples of actions and issues that one must be awake of when carrying out business activities in and living in global society.The code of conduct is dispersed among management of subsidiaries in Japan and overseas for developing joint awareness. Besides Toyota Code of conduct, Toyota Way was established in 2001 to simplify the values and methods that employees have to carry out to under live with the guiding principle throughout company activities. Toyota Way is functioning as the key standard of global Toyota organization and it presents Toyotas philosophy to focus on long-term benefit term developing vehicles that choke customer expectations and contribute to community and to the future of mobility.The Toyota Way consists of continuous im provements and respect for people. The key concept of Toyota Way is actively working and creating new images for the best with ongoing process to improve their business, never satisfied where they are, respect all the stakeholders and working with be believe in success by personal effort and good teamwork (Toyota, 2007). One of the main elements in Toyota Way is mutual respect by promoting safety among employees and employees have to be trained both for daily operation and behavioral role.Toyotas Global Visions look toward to following goals ? To lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most responsible ways of moving people. ? To exceed the expectation and be rewarded with a smile through their commitment to quality, constant innovation and respect for the planet. ? To meet their challenging goals by engaging the talent and anger of people who believe there is always better way. Toyota merchandise System (TPS) aims at pursing the most efficient methods for all aspects of production the method of production.Toyota considers the objective of fashioning the vehicles ordered by customers in the quickest and most efficient way, in order to deliver the vehicles as quickly as possible as an issue of great importance. TPS was built based on following concepts to achieve the best quality of product while minimizing waste through defective detection ? The first concept is Jidoka, which stands for automation. Toyota set up the mechanization and links it with computerization so the production system immediately stops working when a problem arises in the process to avoid defective products. The first concept is Just-in-Time, which enables the company to minimize level of inventory. 3. Intercultural problem in the business coordination between Toyota and its subsidiaries in Thailand Toyota has set up its global strategies and goals for all Toyotas subsidiaries. ? To maintain Toyotas position as market leader in auto motive industry ? Continuous developing ? ascent profitability and return for the helpingholders. In the process cracking its philosophies, strategies and goals to the subsidiaries, Toyota encountered certain difficulties on cross-border coordination, which are arisen from cultural differences.The Japanese management style was called group capitalism by Alfred Chandler a business historian. The style was described as emphasized group behavior and values interpersonal harmony. The manager and corporation are put in concert in a very(prenominal) culturally dependent system, which is considered as a constraint for many companies when they expanded globally. The management system did not function wellspring because subsidiaries operate separately by substantial time and distance barriers (Christopher A. Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal, 1999).Different ways of thinking also were difficulties for the integration of non-Japanese into the management process. Japanese corporations ofte n bear decision-making and control at the center, i. e. the management was conducted by those who understood the subtleties of the existing system (Christopher A. Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal, 1999). In case of Toyota and its subsidiaries in Thailand, Japanese managing officers of Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) served as the prexy of both Toyota Motor Asia Pacific Engineering and Manufacturing Co. Ltd (TMAP-EM) and Toyota Motor Thailand (TMT).Language and communication created barriers to the business coordination as people were speaking with different voices and sending out absurd messages. 2. DISCUSSION 1. Analysis of the intercultural problem The intercultural challenge faced by Toyota Motor Corporation in the cross-border coordination in Thailand originated in cultural differences. In general, from viewpoints of national level, pose Japan and Thailand in the value dimensions as in Hofstedes Study, the rankings received is shown in the table below (David C. Thomas p. 51-52) (David C. Thomas p. 51-52). Table 1. Cultural dimension rankings follow Hofstedes Study Dimension Japan Thailand Power Distance 54 64 Individualism 46 20 Masculinity 95 34 Uncertainty Avoidance 92 64 Long-term orientation 80 56 Power distance Japan has lower power distance culture that Thailand does. Therefore, it is implied that in order to have smooth coordination from TMC to its subsidiaries in Thailand, Toyota should consider the followings ? Give clear and explicit directions to Thai employees ?Do not expect Thai subordinates to take initiative ? Show deference to those with superiorer level through language, behavior, etc. ? Expect to encounter more bureaucracy behaviors. Individualism It is can be seen from Hofstedes rankings that both Japan and Thailand has collectivist cultures. However, Thai is more collectivistic than Japanese. Therefore, some possible consideration for Toyota in developing business with Thais is listed below ? Promotions do not depend upon Thai e mployees performance and achievement, but seniority and experiences ? Decision making may be a slow process as many individual across the system will need to be asked for advices Praise should be addressed to a team rather than individuals. Masculinity In the enquiry of Hofstede, Japan was the worlds most masculine country and Thailand was among the least one or most feminine culture. In the case that Toyota seeks for the sustainable manufacturing marcher development in Thailand, some notes should be taken into account such as ? Personal questions are normal rather than assertive ? Dealing with impudence weights more than projected profit margins and other similar things ? Thais openly show favoritism to close relations ? Small talk at business functions will focus on Thai employees life and interest rather than just business. Uncertainty avoidanceJapan has highly risk-averse culture, which can be seen through strict laws and regulations. Thailand has the uncertainty avoidance scor e just above medium, therefore much lower than that of Japan. Some attentions that Toyota should pay for developing its manufacturing in Thailand could be as follows ? Try to be more flexible or open to new ideas ? Allow Thai employees the autonomy and space to execute their task on their own ? Recognized that Thai employees may take different approach to life and see their destiny ? Agreed plans should be realized as soon as possible. Long-term orientation At the score of 80 Japan is considered as one of the long term oriented societies.This is reflected that Japanese see their life as a very neat moment in a long history of mankind. In Japanese corporations, the possible observations are long term orientation in the constantly high rate of investment in R&D even in economically difficult times, higher own capital rate, priority to steady growth of market share rather than to a quarterly profit, and so on. With a score of 56 Thailand is a mild term oriented culture. Amongst the va lues that are admired, working hard and having a sense of moderation are dominant for Thais. Timescales and deadline in Thailand are fluid. Therefore, Toyota should consider the followings in working with Thais Reliability, responsiveness and empathy as very important element. ? Building up close relationships with Thai subsidiaries is of importance. ? Building relationship takes time. 2. Solutions for Toyota in Thailand There are some solutions were found out by Toyota to achieve the said(prenominal) objective and target among the subsidiaries all around the world, especially in Thailand the first country where Toyota Motor Corporation started to expand its business overseas. 1. Global Production Center Toyota has established Global Production center (GPC) in 2003 as Toyotas global human resource training center. Toyota operation comprise of 53 production sites in 27 countries around the world.In managing its operation, Toyota encounter a diversity of people therefore Toyota cons ider human resource development as an important mechanism in maintaining its global business. GPC is the place where employees are trained about the Toyotas culture and values and make them understand the Toyota way and to provide the skills which are needed for employees to carry out the task. In the past, human development was carried out in Japan only. However, with rapid growth of Toyotas overseas operations leads to the transformation of GPC to the regional. Technical skills from Japanese trainers are spread to local trainers and from the local trainers to local employees and also to employees from the other countries in the region.The objective of the GPC is to inculcate employees that Toyotas products should have the same quality regardless of which origin it as produced (Toyota Annual Report, 2008). GPC, human resources development is implementing by developing supervisors and trainers in subsidiaries with assistance from headquarter. Another function of GPC is helping the marcher plants to prepare for redesign of production when newly developed model is launched so that the plant can efficiently switch over to produce them. Visual manual(a) videos were studied and make used in GPC for representing the best demonstration. This practice takes advantages over the traditional manuals, by which only scripted words or still illustration are shown.Toyota can reduce time for staff training and avoid misunderstanding through the adaptation of visual manual videos. Within 5 years, 13000 employees both from Japan and abroad were trained by GPC and distribute knowledge they learn to their team members. The Asia Pacific Global Production Centre (AP-GPC) was established in Samutprakarn, Thailand in 2005 to serve as the regional training centre. AP-GPC provides trainings for TMTs employees and also supporting to other Toyotas Asian manufacturing affiliates. 2. Restructuring of organizational structure Toyota Motor Corporation spread out its organization around th e world and set up regional headquarters in North America, Europe and Asia.In Asia, there are two headquarters in Singapore and Thailand that are responsible for different business entities. In the past, subsidiaries in each country had to report directly to headquarters in Japan. The restructuring to regional headquarters believes that it could allow subsidiaries to work more efficiently and regional headquarter assist to each country in the region in time. The close coordination between the regional headquarters can support each other through corporation in engineering, manufacturing and marketing. The regional headquarters also facilitate and response in time to customers demands throughout the region and provide flexible react to market changes.With the brass section of Asian regional headquarter in Thailand Toyota Motor Thailand became a main center to provide support for manufacturing and also research and development in Asia Pacific region. 3. Thainization Toyota Motor Thai land launched the localization policy, which is called Thainization. Thainization was the philosophy that drives Toyota Motor Thailand before Toyota way was introduced. Thainization is to come on the local employees to take part in management level in 20 years (Amano, 2008). In the 1960, at the beginning of Toyota in Thailand, the management was carried on by Japanese and strictly followed the policies and guidelines set by its mother company Toyota Motor Corporation. Around 1980s, very few Thais were positioned as managers but the final decisions were still do by Japanese expatriates.Since 1987, Toyota Motor Thailand decided to transform the organization from management only by Japanese to only by Thai, which is called Thainization. The Japanese expatriates were converted from managers to coordinators. In every department have some Japanese staffs work together with Thai staffs mainly in the coordinator role as an adviser for technical information and making connection network am ong Toyota group to help communication flow smoothly. At present, only the president, executive Vice president and Treasurer are Japanese and the other high-level management officers are Thais (http//www. toyota. co. th/en/about. php? rapscallion= management).Thainization in Toyota Motor Thailand was implemented as the exigency to adopt of globalization in the world while considering localization (Imai, 2006). 4. Lateral communication Lateral communication is of importance because it is the way that all organizational units are connected throughout the system of resource rally and organizational set of transnational corporation in different locations. Toyota Technical Center Asia Pacific Thailand (TTCAP-TH), which was established serving as Research and Development unit for Asia Pacific region, can be seen as a network platform for exchange knowledge and skills between different functions and with counterpart in Japan to support local needs.This kind of lateral communications bet ween business units through the collaboration between each geographically specialized division contributes to widespread of Toyota Way that focuses on sharing the same Toyota values and cultures. Another step toward the relocation of support division from Japan to Asian region is the setting up of TMAP Thailand, which represents the network platform providing production assistance to TMCs affiliates in the region. 5. Informal communication Nohria and Ghoshal (1994, p. 494) asserted that extensive socialisation and communication builds trust among the managers and creates foundation for reciprocity and easier negotiation and resolution of potential conflicts.Informal communication exits in Toyota organization so that it brings bout promiscuous exchange idea between Toyota Japan and Toyota Thailand. In Thailand, TMT made use of job rotation of employee as a tool for developing people because of the consideration that working in the same job for long time could make people stick with the old habit and, therefore, reluctant to change. This practice has enhanced the informal communication and made information widely shared throughout in the organization. Employees and departments in rotation process accumulate working experiences and knowledge as well as share their own values for adapting to the same organization culture. 3. CONCLUSIONIn summary, Toyota has successfully applied many strategies in order to improve communication across border while tutelage many existing core values. Also, due to the scale of the Toyota Company, there has been no particular method or formula that is best fit for achieving the existing success in Toyota. Toyota had to apply a few methods to efficiently achieve localization while remaining competitive in globalization. Firstly, The Thais feature of speechs are different than the Japanese so the GPC was introduced to help Toyotas employees to think in the same way The Toyota way in term of values and cultures. Also it trained empl oyees many certain skills to be capable of finishing given tasks.Secondly, In Thailand, the structural mechanism obviously takes part as the fundamental formation of the organizational structure. Toyota remarkably use of departmentalization as the structure to manage the business entity according to function and responsibility. The critical scrutinize regarding centralization or decentralization of decision making is become blurred since Toyota to some extent delegate the decision authority to its subsidiaries while the final exclusive decision remain at the headquarters. In addition, the formal written policies together with standard production system considerably utilize in Toyota subsidiaries so that its affiliates follow the same principle and maintain the same Toyota standard.To achieve the same goal, planning in the form of the strategic planning, regional target goal as well as reward is used as guideline to touch the goal. To control the performance of the company, output c ontrol is one of the tools that Toyota use to motivate the performance of their employee as well as subsidiaries. However, the hierarchical or behavioral control is coexisting to ensure the employee act in order to fulfill the best performance. The optimum control is to mix between output and behavioral control so that the finest advantage is achieved. Thirdly, Toyota has introduced Thainization which allowed Thai people to get into managerial positions as the top position before was only for the Japanese sent from headquarter.Last but not least, the informal or subtle mechanisms are broadly promoted within the Toyota organization. The lateral or cross department communication visibly seen by the messy organization that employee have to communicate or coordinate with other departments or the same department in the region among functional and geographical line simultaneously to undertake the work. The establishment of regional headquarters in Thailand (TMAP-EM) is one of the cases th at put forward lateral communication, as the network of exchange in the region required the lateral communication among the concern departments. Besides, the informal communication plays as vital mechanism in the organization.The present of Japanese as employees and also coordinators make possible the informal exchange of idea between Toyota Thailand and Japan that finally facilitate the subsidiaries action and decision in line with those of headquarters. In short, the achievement of Toyota when applied with all the methods, mechanism was very fruitful as Toyota Motor Thailand (TMT) operated more efficiently resulting in time and cost savings, better communication, better understanding in the organization and better employees involvement. So the most obvious example was that the second factory was opened in 1989. And this result showed that Toyota has successfully managed all the operation across border, retaining local flexibility and while achieving global integration.Moreover, wi th the rapid development of many other Multi-National Companies (MNCs) and trying to recruit more and more talents, Toyota has also exploited the local population in order to get a broader pool of talents (combining not only from Japanese and Thai in this case, but also from other nationalities). Furthermore, with the matrix of subsidiaries and one headquarter, Toyota tries to make the organization stable with core visions and beliefs from the Headquarter but also loot the host of new ideas from all around the globe as they need to keep up with the quickly-changing characteristic of technology with new ideas. With all the cross-cultural issues above, Toyota would have more experience and solution for future encounters. REFERENCES Bartlett, Christopher A. and Ghoshal, Sumantra (1999). Managing Across Borders The Transnational Solution Companies, Cultures and the Transformation to the Transnational. Book excerpt. Nohria, Nitin and Sumantra Ghoshal (1994). identify Fit and Shared Va lues Alternatives for Managing Headquarters-Subsidiary Relations. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 15, No. 6 Thomas, David C. (2008) Cross-Cultural Management Essential Concepts. Sage Publications. Chapter 3 Petison, Phallapa, (2010). Cross Cultural kin Marketing in the Thai Context The Japanese Buyers Perspective. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 1, June, 2010 Friedman, Thomas L. (2005). The World is flat A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century Cutler, John. The cross -cultural communication trainers manual Vol. designing Cross-Cultural Training Toyota Motor Corporation indite from http//www. toyota-global. com/company/profile Toyota Guiding Principles, Toyota Way, Toyota Code of Conduct, Toyota Global Vision and Toyota Production Centre from http//www. toyota-global. com/company/vision_philosophy/ Toyota Motor Thailand Management Team from http//www. toyota. co. th/en/about. php? Page=management Business coordination across borde rs within Toyota a case study focusing the coordination between Japan and Toyota from http//mdh. diva-portal. org/smash/record. jsf? pid=diva2224180 Toyota A Transnational case study from http//www. ecclesbourne. derbyshire. sch. ukpic

Television, Newspaper, Magazine, and Other Media Pay Too Much Attention to the Personal Lives of Famous People

As the coming age of mass media, almost everyone will unavoidablely be influenced by television, newspapers, and even the instauration Wide Webthe Internet. Famous people are the only group the masses most concern. Convenient media approaches make every days behaviors of famous people in stock(predicate) to average people. Commercial management of media brings well-nigh the excessive prudence to the ad hominem lives of famous people.To begin with, after television and broadcast, Internet is becoming the most general and commodious way for information. Because social celebrities are always the focus of news, many websites have to endeavor a lot to publish relevant news. Besides the convenient access to news, Internet is also a fascinating place where normal people can announce their opinions and communicate with each other without obstacles. So the personal lives of famous people could consistently be the hottest issue on the website.Concerning the significant influence of famous people, several well-known news websites established special areas on its websites to provide up-to-date information about famous peoples personal lives. Not just what I have mentioned above, maybe someone just cannot satisfy about these, and even several public figures start personal websites and blogs to cater for the appetite of the mass. According to recent news, the visit rate of the blog of Xu Jinglei, who is a famous actress in mainland of China, has broken through 1 billion.The blog memorizes almost every details about her work and usual life. In comparison, the relevant websites about mass health care and charity service are not that attractive. Moreover, some cunning news companies always exaggerate the plots about celebrities personal personal matters for commercial purpose. By reading many different newspapers in USA, you will see that President Bushs pictures published can not be so funny. Those undefiled pictures exhibit the behaviors of Bush were so awkward and in decent.Why do those newspapers editors use such pictures? The answer can not be too clear. The editors want to influence as many people as possible by using the peoples curiosity to famous people. Obviously, it is the audience who are the very motive for the excessive heed of the media. In conclusion, the convenient media approaches and the curiosity of ordinary people render the personal lives of famous people always open for discussing and debating, and media has pay too much attention about these.

Managing human resources

Any person, who has a physical impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, has a record of such impairment or is regarded as having such impairment or is regarded as having such impairment. It involves heaving, mobility, optical impairment, chronic alcoholism, and chronic mental illness.From the article it is necessary to reserve assistance to individuals with disabilities to lead a productive life. People with disabilities are of ten unable to bind health care insurance that provides coverage of the services and supports to enable them to live independently and enter or rejoin the workforce.Personal assistance services such as attendant services, assistance with transportation to and from work, reader services, parentage coaches and related service may remove barriers between significant disability and work. A accompany should wealthy person a proper policy in dealing with employees with disabilities. They should be treated as equals at the workplac e who also are able to verbalise services like those ones without disabilities specialized cultivation should be conducted by the company management to thoroughly equip those with disabilities in order to handle any geek of business enterprise at the workplace. For individuals with disabilities the fear of losing health care and related services is one of the greatest barriers keeping individuals from maximizing their employment, earning likely and independence.On December 1999 electric chair Clinton signed a law that encouraged states to adopt the option of allowing people with disabilities acquire medical coverage that is vital to enable such individuals to maintain employment. In short people with disabilities may have working(a) limitations that may create barriers in employment e.g. acquiring requisite education, experience and expertise to perform native functions of a joke but maybe unable to perform non-essential job like turning pages without assistance. Employers should assist subject individuals with disabilities overcome particular barriers to their employment resulting from their functional limitations.Personal assistance services are form of assistance used by persons with disabilities to perform tasks that the person would perform for himself or herself if he/she did not have disability. Personal assistance services include assistance with services that include reading, communication and performing manual tasks e.g. assisting in bathing, eating personal hygiene and dressing. contemplate related assistance in the performance of such tasks as reading communication and performance of non-essential manual tasks business related travel maybe considered apt accommodations.Many computer users with disabilities especially those with impairments have been left out in recent transition from traditional character based computing to the new lifelike user interface (GUI). The broad movement toward graphical applications using buttons that cannot be read aloud or translated into Braille has sparked widespread concern among the blind writes David Wilson in the chronicle of higher education.Sears merchandise troop is establishing an example of act that provides a model for other governments agreeking to provide universal access to InfoTech for employees with disabilities. In 1992 it provided its rung with personal computers running applications in a local area network. Sears identified twelve associates with disabilities who needed accommodations to use the same standard computing resources.Sears goal was to provide universal access to the same technology and applications for all associates. Sears objectives were to allow associates with disabilities use the same G.UI environment and applications as their workgroups, enable adept manager plan and reckon for addition of a qualified blind employee of dept of staff all the company approximate blind candidates for employment and advancement on equal footing with perceive ca ndidates.The managerial function of staffing, according to G.A. Cole, management theory and practice, (1996) is defined as filling and keeping filled all the positions in the system structure. This is do by identifying the workforce requirements, inventorying the people available and recruiting, selecting, placing, training and developing, promoting and compensating the job holders that they can accomplish their tasks efficiently and effectively staffing is thitherfore the process which starts with the benevolent resources needs, recruiting new employees into the organization and continued done separation of employees in the organization and continued through separation of employees n the organization.Recruitment is a major staffing or procurement process. It deals with providing human inputs to the organization it makes it possible for organization to acquire the number and the type of the people necessary to ensure the continued operation of the organization. Recruitment is th erefore the process of attracting potential job candidates to apply for vacant positions in the organization that is, it is a searching process. Sources of recruitments include internal sources which involves recruiting from within the organization through promotion or deployment of qualified personnel. Interviews may also be conducted to select the candidates fro various types of jobs in the organization in the organization. about of the advantages of sourcing from within the organization are that, it improves employees morale the employer is in a better position to evaluate the presently employed than international candidates promotes loyalty among employees for it gives them a sense of job security and opportunity for it gives them a sense of job security and opportunity for advancement, It is less, costly than going outside to recruit, also recruiting from within has little training needed by the employees who are currently serving in the organization, it also promotes a positi ve organizational culture for example organizational cohesiveness.Some of the disadvantages of recruiting from within are that it leads to in breeding that is organizational stagnation there is possibility that internal sources may dry-up and may be difficult to find the required personnel from within.External sources of staffing refer to the supply of personnel manpower from sources outside the organization. The sources may include new entrants to the labor markets for example fresh college graduates retired experienced persons, presently employed persons from other organization or unemployed already in the labor market with a wide range of skills and ability. Some of the advantages of external sources of recruitment includes the fact that the external sources may provide personnel having skills, training or education required by the organization from external market sources an organization may acquire potential employees who are experienced, trained and does not require plain tra ining for their job hence this may reduce the cost of training to the organization.Employees selection according to John Toye, Employment policy, (1975) is the process by which job candidates are assessed or screened to determine their suitability for a given job. The purpose of selection is to help employers secure for evaluating their suitability from the advertised positions. It involves a series of incidental hurdles designed to eliminate unqualified applicant at any point in the process that is when facts come to light which may lead to the rejection of candidate.not all selection process or steps, however, include many barriers. The complexity of any process usually increases with the level and responsibility of the position to be filled. Some of the steps involved in selection includes preliminary interviews selection interviews employment tests assessment centers medical examinations reference checks and the final selection and the consequent approval by the top managers.Acc ording to G.A. Cole, managerial theory and practice (1996) job training can be defined as a short-term process by which skills and capabilities of non-managerial employees are improved, though a system and organized procedure so as to enable them to be more productive an their jobs. Thus, training is job focus on or task oriented which is centered with importing specific skills to subordinate staffs. Job development is used with reference to training given to managers and executives in an organization thus management or executive development is along-term educational growth process by which managerial person and gains and learns conceptual knowledge for general managerial or administrative purposes.The objectives of training and development are that training improve technical capacity of an individual on job performance, improves health or condom of employees hence industrial, reduces sported work hence less scrap or material wastage. This reduces the cost of production, prepares p ersonal for future jobs challenges an promotions, enables the employers adapt to a change to work manner or procedures, enables two employers learn method of operating real machines and equipment ins talked by a organization example a computer.There are various methods of job training such as on-job training which entails looking what your colleague is doing. This is an internal training method commonest mode of training and the most appropriate method of training employees for the skills required for a specific job. This method is very cheap as the student is in the wok place where he/she s expected to working in, the learner uses the equipment he is expected to use and also he/she is able to learn the rules, procedure under careful company eyes and is able and easier to size them up. forth the job training is done externally. It ensures that special training equipments are available and the training is of higher equipment are available and the training is of higher quality becau se it is offered by experts, specialists from outside, the trainee is able to learn in a planned stages using special exercise especially in difficult areas of the job. Off the job training is done lectures can be used where a large group is being trained for a short period of time.In order to improve the military strength of training, there must be specific objectives for training. An attempt should be made to determine the suitability of a trainee for potentiality and ability. The trainee must be assisted to see the need for the training. Attempts must be made to create organizational conditions that are good or conductive to learning. A good compensation to employees should be administered through wage and salary administration so as to improve the service delivery of employees.Salary and wage administration involves the direction of programs designed to implement earnings of monetary/non monetary rewards to employees. The primary financial reward is pay in form of wages and sa laries, sometimes referred to as compensation or remuneration. The objectives of employees compensations programs are designed to attract capable employees to the organization, to motivate them towards superior performance, retain their services over an extended period of time. Employees performance appraisal should be done to evaluate the performance and give the feedback on which performance adjustment can be made.REFERENCES1. G. A. Cole Management Theory and Practice (1996)2. John Toye Employment Policy, (1995)3. www.annenberg.northwestern.edu/

Indus River Essay

World History India (Indus River) Source Lake Mansarovar Length 1,900 mi (3,060) km Coverage Tibet, Ladakh, Zanskar Valley, and Pakistan Tributaries Zanskar, Sutlej, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, and Chenab It is a river of south-central Asia rising in southwestern Xizang (Tibet) and flowing 3,060 km northwest through northern India and southwest through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. In Pakistan the Indus is considered the Chief River and in India known as King River. In its days the valley was the site of an advanced civilization that lasted from 2500 to 1500 b.c. In the western edge of the river near central Pakistan lies the twin peaks of Takht-I-Sulaiman (Persian, throne of Solomon). One of them is at 11,295 ft (3,443m) and the other 11,085 ft (3,379m) high, at the northern end are the highest points around. There is a Muslim shrine on the top of one of them.The upper Indus is provide by snow and glacial melt water from the Karakorum, Hindu Kush, and the Himalayan Mountains, flow through deep gorges and scenic valleys. It is not easy to navigate imputable to the bad turbulence inside. It receives the combined waters of the five rivers of the Punjab (Chenab, Hjelum, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej), its chief affluent. From here the river then flows onto the dry Punjab plains of Pakistan and becomes a broad, slow moving, silt-laden stream. In ancient times plurality considered it (Sanskrit, syand to flow) and the Vedans called it sindhu. Sindhu is the oldest name in Indian history. Alexander the Great built a fleet and used the Indus River to get to an unknown route towards the Persian Gulf. Which lead him to other triumphant victory.

Biographical Analysis of the Crucible Essay

What lies deep down in the crucible characters that not e very(prenominal)one can see? The former husband of Marilyn Monroe managed to fete one aspect of his life private from the media for over four decades. Was it because of shame, selfishness, or fear? The Crucible is based on the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Miller has empathize all well-nigh the Witch Trials, but has never really understood it until he read the book published by Charles W. Upham, the mayor of Salem at that time (Why I Wrote The Crucible). He knew right away that he had to write about that time period. Even though the play provides an surgical representation of the trials, the truth lies in Arthur Millers past history.Pursuing this further, Arthur Miller has hidden a life-long secret that recently has come out. When his son, Daniel was born, Miller was very happy, but immediately knew something was wrong. The doctors had diagnosed the baby with Down syndrome. He was the son of Millers third wife, Inge Morath. Miller said. Im going to develop to baffle the baby away, but Inge wanted to keep him (Arthur Millers Missing Act). Within days the baby was gone. They sent him to one of the computerized tomography institutions for the mentally retarded. Inge went to see him every day, but Arthur never wanted to set eyes on him. Afterwards, nothing was mentioned of Daniel. He was cut out from Millers life. Was it because of selfishness, or fear that the world will know?His personal story seems to contradict his theme in The Crucible. Through the character Abigail Williams, we can see that muckle are willing to give up and abandon their connection with their own values in order to protect themselves. Just as Abigail hid the fact that she had an office with privy reminder, Arthur Miller has hidden the fact that he also had a brief strife with Marilyn Monroe.Abigail William is the girl who leads this play into disaster. She is most responsible for the meeting in the woods and when Paris finds out, she tries to conceal it as fast as possible, because if she reveals that she has cast a spell on Elizabeth, it will reveal the affair she had with Elizabethshusband, John Proctor. To protect herself from future punishment that may come, she starts to accuse others of witchery. By telling lies, that is how she manipulates the whole town into believing that she is innocent (Miller 114-115). Abigail is independent and she knows that nothing is out of her grasp. erst she finds herself attracted to Proctor, she wont suppress her desires that she wants him. However many times she reviews her memories, the more she is sure that she is the ideal wife for John. The only thing in the way is Elizabeth.Declaring witchcraft among the majority will keep the secret out of reach. She uses this to create fear and intimidation among the townsmen people. The only reason her evil little plan is working is that the girls have got her back. She has threatened them with violence if they refuse to d o as she says. Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnams dead sisters. And that is all. And mark this. Let either of you utter a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down (Miller 20). In order to get Proctor, she must eliminate Elizabeth and choose her individuals she will accuse wisely. She thinks nothing of the fact that the individuals will be hanged based upon her accusation. When she sees her plan failing, she will react the same by not showing any gulls of fear. She has condemned Proctor to hang and flees right away from the town, leaving all the action well behind.John Proctor is the protagonist of the play, while Abigail is the antagonist. One of his flaws is his temper. Proctor leads to shouting and unconstipated physical violence. There are occasions in the play where he threatens to whip his wife, servant, and even his ex-mistress, Abigail. He was the average good man, who owned a farm and was respected by everyone he knew. He had three children a good wife to chew out a family with and all was well until Abigail came into his life. At first Abigail was the housekeeper, who has quietly come into the life of Proctor. He must have been tempted by her fiery personality, which he cannot resist. This affair only happened, because at that time Elizabeth was sick, which allowed Abigail to make herfirst move. John may have also been attracted to Abigails personality shown in Act 1. She tells John that the witchcraft isnt true and that the girls were just having a party with Tituba. PROCTOR, his smile widening Ah, youre wicked arent y Youll be clapped in the stocks before youre twenty (Miller 22). From this line we can conclude that Proctor is charmed by Abigails naughty tricks.The temper of John Proctor ties into the anger of Arthur Miller towards the McCarthy hearings. The Crucible relates to the McCarthy hearings, because Arthur Miller claimed to have written The Crucible to criticize the theme, while many people saw the resemblance between the Salem Witch Trials and the McCarthy Hearings. Just analogous McCarthy, the people of Salem were not interested in facts instead, they took their hatred towards the people of their community. Miller himself was brought to the House of Un-American Activities Committee and was falsely accused of Communism. (Fear as Governance Arthur Miller The Crucible as Contemporary Reflection).For the first two acts we see John doing little effect to the play. However, when Act 3 comes into play, he is there to protect his wife. He has three weapons that he can use against the court. First is Abigails admission that there was no witchcraft, proof from Mary rabbit warren that the girls were faking, and the fact that he had an affair with Abigail. All this declines in the favor of Abigail. He only ends up ruining his look up and getting himself condemned for witchcraft.The only way to part with him from being hanged is by admitting that he is with the Devil and that he justifies that he was a bad person anyway. Horror struck when asked to sign his name. By signing his name he believed he will be signing his soul away. Even though, he is so close to being free once again, he refuses to sign his name. He says, I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs. (Miller 144).At first we may believe that The Crucible is just a story about witch trials that took place in Salem, but by paying a greater attention to theminor details we can understand that the book has other meaning to it. Every detail can be connected to Arthurs personal life.

Dose Adjustment in Renal Disease

GENERAL APPROACHES FOR DOSE ADJUSTMENT IN nephritic DISEASE Renal insufficiency can markedly alter one or more of the pharmacokinetic parameters of a window pane including oral bioavailability, volume of distribution, drug binding to plasma proteins, and most importantly the rates of transfiguration and excretion, i. e. , drug clearance.. To minimize drug toxicity and maximize healing(predicate) benefits, it is a good deal necessary to adjust drug sexually transmitted disease in proportion to the degree of nephritic insufficiency. A drug will most belike require dose allowance in renal disease if 1.A substantial fraction ( 40%) of the drug dose is excreted by the kidney either unchanged or as an active (or toxic) metabolites. 2. The drug or its active metabolite has a narrow therapeutic window such that drug accumulation cannot be tolerated. 3. The kidney is a major site for the inactivation of the drug. This applies mainly to peptides like insulin, glucagon, PTH, and imipe nem. 4. There is a significant drop in the binding of the drug to plasma proteins. For instance, a decrease in the protein binding from 99 to 95% results in a fourfold rise in the unbound, active drug concentration.Dose adjustment may use up one or a combination of the following measures 1. Extension of the dosing musical interval. 2. Reduction of the maintenance dose. 3. Administration of a loading dose. 4. Monitoring blood serum drug levels. FACTORS IN CHOOSING OF DOSE ADJUSTMENT APPROACH Factors to consider when choosing give up dose adjustment approach are the class of drug ,the amplitude of the peak-trough fluctuation relative to the therapeutic index, magnitude of the dose with respect to the dose strength to be marketed and practicality of calculated dosing interval.Pharmacokinetic simulations can be especially helpful in visualizing the impact of various dose and interval changes and interval changes on the concentration time (C-T) profile at steady put up. Reduced elim ination of a drug prolongs its half life (t? ) as well as the time required for the serum level to reach a steady carry (4 times t? ). Therefore, whenever it is clinically desirable to rapidly achieve a therapeutic steady state level a loading dose should administered.To maintain a therapeutic level and, at the said(prenominal) time, avoid drug accumulation and toxicity in a patient with reduced renal function, the clinician mustiness consider reducing the size of the maintenance dose or the dosing frequency or both. In general, this step-down should in like manner be proportional to the degree of renal impairment , but should also take into depict adaptive or compensatory changes in the metabolism and excretion of the drug through non-renal routes. MAINTENANCE DOSE drop-off METHOD The maintenance dose reduction mode is employ whenever a more constant (less oscillating) serum drug level is therapeutically preferable (e. . , ? -lactam antibiotics) Let us assume that one has already specify a safe and effective dose regime for use in frequent patients. This normal dose regimen is then adjusted according to dose fraction by two basic procedures. starting method termed as constant interval, dose-reduction (DR) reduces the dose (D) by a factor of the dose fraction. Dose interval is the same as that used in the health person. D renal failure = D normal Kf t renal failure = t normal INTERVAL EXTENSION METHODThe second method referred to as constant dose, interval-extension(IE) extends dose interval by inverse of dose fraction, a value referred to as the dose interval multiplier t renal failure = t normal (1/ kf) D renal failure = D normal This type of dose adjustment strategy may also be implemented through the use of a nomogram where the dosage interval multiplier for this IE regimen is simply read off a plot of creatinine clearance Interval extension method is used for drugs for which a constant serum level is either unnecessary (eg, vigabatrin) or undesirable (e. g. , aminoglycoside antibiotics). This method is also used for drugs that normally have long elimination t?. However, a combination of the two methods is often used. In addition, for a drug whose therapeutic serum level range is known and routinely measured, dosage adjustment is often guided by monitoring the serum drug level and the patients response in terms of the therapeutic benefit and adverse drug reactions (toxicity). Reference http//www. hedrugmonitor. com/RIT97. html http//books. google. com. pk/books? id=qXw33GaQF9IC=PA288=PA288=general+approaches+to+dose+adjustment+in+renal+patients=bl=IKsqNAp2nU=jglKfgGimUFQ_xBN9cGKPPRsC2E=en=CxbTStLaAo-QkQX1_N30Aw=X=book_result=result=7=0CCMQ6AEwBjgKv=onepage=general%20approaches%20to%20dose%20adjustment%20in%20renal%20patients= ill-advised http//www. gbv. de/du/ work/toc/bs/380847361 http//books. google. com. pk/books? id=9324ILATCgMC=PA288=general+approaches+to+dose+adjustment+in+renal+DISEASEv=onepage=general%20approa ches%20to%20dose%20adjustment%20in%20renal%20DISEASE=false

Religion 111: Introduction to the Old Testament Essay

teleph single line Religion 111 Introduction to the former(a) TestamentInstructorEmailDepartment conductDivision ChairDean of the School of Arts and SciencesCredit Hours 3sh get over Expectations Outside of family- 20 hours per weekREL 111 Introduction to the Old TestamentThis feed in is an runination of the writings of the Old Testament, using an historical and interpretive approach to these writings. GER REL and humanitiesStudent Learning OutcomesStudent Learning OutcomesUpon successful completion of this occupation, students should be able to Means of discernmentThis disclosecome result be indicated by successfulTrace the chronology of Israels history from the patriarchal outcome through the end of the prophetic era emphasizing its significant events, personalities, and cultural settings. Performance on rate exams/quizzes. Study questions Questions of the week order the various literary genres presentin the Old Testament.Performance on graded exams/quizzes. Study q uestionsIdentify aspects of the different moral, ethical, and theological messages of the Old Testament. Completion of enquiry working class.Performance on graded exams/quizzes. Study Questions Questions of the calendar weekDevelop an interpretive framework through the recitation of scholarly research tools and methods. Completion of research project.TextbooksMeeks, Wayne A. Gen. ed. The HarperCollins Study parole New Revised Standard Version. New York HarperOne Inc., 1996.Coogan, Michael D. A program Introduction to the Old Testament The Hebrew Bible in its Context. New York Oxford University Press, 2009.The book can be purchased online through the MOC Bookstore at http//moc.bncollege.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/BNCBHomePage?storeId=53551&catalogId=10001&langId=-1Course Requirements1. C atomic number 18ful assume of apiece unit in the textbook, along with par anyel reading in the Old Testament itself, is expected. The ability to respond to questions concerning the conten t of for each one chapter in the textbook as puff up as content worldly in the Old Testament which is link to it is essential.2. The student is to offer down written responses to intravenous feeding sets of bring questions found at the end of each chapter in the Coogan text. A list of questions to consequence for each week can be found under the dates for each week on Moodle and in the Course Outline and Assignments at the end of the syllabus. These essential be submitted via Moodle by 800 p.m. (EST) on the pastime dates Fridays Oct. 4 Oct. 11 Oct. 18 Oct. 25. Each assignment is worth up to 10 points.Late assignments (i.e., assignments turned in after 800 p.m. on the day due, even if star minute youthful) pull up stakes be penalized 1 point per day for the first three days late. Assignments more than than three days late (i.e., after Wednesday following the original due date at 800 p.m.) lead receive a gradeof zero. divert none 1 point is a full-size penalty it roughly equals one and a half letter grades.All assignments must be formatted as follows 12-point Times New Roman Font, 1-inch margins, single-spaced. In addition, you must type out each question along with its corresponding tot up, with your answer to the question below. You must use complete sentences and proper grammar and syntax in your answers. failure to do so lead essence in grade deductions. When answering these questions keep these guidelines in judgement Essay undefended matter at least 300 words Discuss path 125-200 words Identify means two or three sentences List means simply list the things asked for.All assignments must be saved in MS-Word format as a .doc or .docx file and uploaded as an adhesion each week in Moodle. This is the only pleasant method to submit assignments. The file name on each assignment should follow this format studentname-assignment.doc (e.g., phelps-questionsweek1.doc). Failure to follow these guidelines whitethorn result in a reduced grade for the assignment.If you be unable to save and send your file as a .doc file, indeed you can do so as an .rtf or .txt file. Please none, how of all clock, that if you choose this latter option, you may be unable to view my comments, since I use the editing function in MS-Word to grade your assignments. It is the students responsibility to make sure that all sent files ar in a readable format.Answers to all questions can be found in your textbook or in the Bible. on that point is absolutely no reason to consult other sources for the answers to the questions. Answers from the Internet or other sources will non be accepted. In addition, all answers must be written in your own words. Direct copying or smashing and pasting from the Coogan text or from any other source constitutes plagiarism and will result in a grade of zero. Be sure to cite your text and nones properly when you use them to answer questions if you do not you are plagiarizing and will receive a zero.3. Ol d Testament Research Project in 3 parts. You will necessitate to go into acollege or university library for research. (Your local public library will probably not film these sources.) DO NOT RELY UPON INTERNET RESOURCES FOR THIS PROJECT. A GREAT cumulation OF ONLINE CONTENT RELATED TO BIBLICAL STUDIES IS NEITHER SCHOLARLY NOR CORRECT (ESPECIALLY USER-GENERATED SITES SUCH AS WIKIPEDIA). The research project is due on Saturday November 2nd at 1155pm, hebdomad 5. For seated classes, they are due four days after the last day the class meets.The consumption of this project is to familiarize the student with resources that will enable them to study the Bible from a scholarly perspective. Your assignment will be graded for each section listed in this syllabus.You must use sources that are on this approved list. Please do not email me requesting to use sources not listed in each of the following sections. The sources listed represent the highest levels of scholarship and as much(preno minal) you will need to use one approved source from each section. Finding them will submit visiting a college or university library. I live hours from a college or university library only means you will have to plan ahead so you can travel to one.You will need to plan, everywhere the next 5 weeks, to go to a college or university library to find these sources. The MOC library has plenty of these sources on the shelf and they are ready to be used. Any other college- or university-level library will have some of them as fountainhead.If the college is religiously affiliated, the better chance you will have finding an increased number of approved sources. Public libraries are not the same as college- or university-level libraries. You do not need to buy these sources, which are often expensive, since you can find them in college libraries. Please note that many of these resources are reference works, and are not available for use outside the library. In other words, you cannot check out many of them.A. Scholarly Journals Go to NCLive and entree one full-text article from one of the religion journals listed below. Do not use a book review for your article. If you do not have the required password for NCLive, edgethe library. It is your responsibility to satisfy the library in a timely manner and escort how to access NCLive so that you can complete this portion of the assignment. Do not wait until the weekend onwards it is due. You need to plan ahead in order to have time to properly complete this part of the assignment. Remember you will need to have the current password for NCLive. In 2 3 paginates1. Summarize the article.2. Provide a brief biography of the author/s (one paragraph).3. Identify three (3) things you learned about the OT or OT study from reading the article. authorise Journals available at NCLive are Interpretation, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Journal of biblical Literature, Near Eastern Archeology, and Commentary.B. Bible Dictionary Familiarize yourself with the dictionary. In a 2 3 page paper 1. Describe the contents of the dictionary (how it is organized, what kind of articles are include, who is the author/editor, whether each article is authored by a different person, etc.). 2. Choose three (3) entries related to the study of the OT. Entries should be at least one column in length.a. Summarize the entry.b. Identify the author with a brief biography (1-2 sentences).c. Share at least one thing you learned from the article.Approved Bible DictionariesThe Dictionary of Bible and Religion, William H. Gentz, ed.Dictionary of the Bible, jam Hastings, edMercer Dictionary of the Bible, Waston E. Mills, gen. ed.Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, David Noel Freedman, ed.The Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, John DavidThe Zondervan Pictoral Bible Dictionary, Merrill C. Tenny, gen. ed. Harpers Bible Dictionary, Madeleine S. moth miller and J. Lane Miller The InterpretersDictionary of the Bible, Keith Cr im, gen. ed. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, gen. ed. Anchor Bible Dictionary, David Noel Freedman, ed.C. CommentaryChoose one volume from a multi-volume Bible Commentary series. Do not use a one-volume commentary. The volume chosen should be on one of the books of the Old Testament. Familiarize yourself with the Commentary. In a 2 3 page paper 1. Describe the contents of the commentary (how it is organized, what kind of information is included about each book, who is the editor of the series, what translation(s) the commentary uses, who is the author of the commentary on the book of the Bible in the volume you chose, etc.). 2. Choose a scripture rush and read what the commentary says about that passage (e.g. genesis 11-24a 2 Samuel 188-18 Psalm 1 Joel 228-29, etc.). Summarize what the commentary says about the passage and share at least two things you learned from reading about the passage in the commentary.Approved CommentariesThe Anchor Bib le Series,The Old Testament Library,Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary,Interpretation A Bible Commentary for learn and Preaching, The Cambridge Bible Commentary, Interpreters Bible, The New Interpreters Bible (note this is an updated version from The Interpreters Bible), Broadman Bible Commentary,InterpretationNote The New Interpreters Study Bible is not an acceptable source, since it is not a multi-volume commentary. Please do not confuse this book with The New Interpreters Bible, which is acceptable, mentioned above.The research project must be formatted as follows 12-point Times New Roman Font, 1-inch margins, double-spaced. All sources must be documented using proper documentation (MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian). Note If you use APA, youmust quiet provide the page number in your documentation. In addition, although each part of this research project is self-contained, a short paper in its own veracious, the final product should be one document (i.e., do not send three separate docu ments).Each section of the final project should be show clearly with the start of a new page thither is no need to include a separate title page for each section, however. There is also no need to provide a bibliography after each section simply include one bibliography at the end of the paper as a whole, which should include all sources used in each of the three sections of the project. Failure to follow these guidelines may result in a grade deduction.It is very important that you include every section as explained. Failure to use approved sources or to include each specified section will result in points that are available NOT being earned.The project is due on Saturday _Nov. 2 midnight_ via accompaniment in MS-Word in Moodle. Again, the file name on the assignment should follow this format studentname-assignment.doc (e.g., williams-finalproject.doc) No late assignments will be accepted. This project is worth up to 20 points.4. Learning Forum Discussion Board. There is a quest ion of the week to provide opportunity for critical thinking and response to the thinking of others in your class. Each student must enter a response to the question of the week in the Course Forum for that week by atomic number 90 at 800 p.m. of weeks one through four (starting right now). The sign response must be a minimal of 400 words. The student must also respond to the comments of at least two fellow students by sunshine at 800 p.m. of each week. There will be no points for late work. Each weeks responses are worth up to 5 points. To receive full credit, responses must show demo of critical compend and that you have read the course materials. Your response to other students must be more than I rightfully like your idea. Instead, tell why you liked or did not like what the other student express?These questions are not asking for your opinion. You must interact with the textbook, Biblical readings, and other course materials as well as yourclassmates. Be sure to substant iate your thoughts with cited scholarly proof. This is not the place to pronounce judgment on other religious perspectives or the perspectives of your classmates. If you disagree with something you read, then support your position with scholarly proof (e.g. Sunday School answers will not be accepted). Any comment deemed out-of-bounds will be flagged and no points will be rewarded. In addition to your responses, you may post any thoughts, questions, new ideas, challenges to what you have ever so thought that you have gained from your reading and class discussion.Be sure to check the Forum throughout the week. I may post responses to your posts from time to time. I will indicate if you did not receive credit for a post so that you may make sure you have enough posts for that week. Sometimes I may ask you to elaborate on a comment. In order to receive full credit for that post, you will need to do so. It is recommended that you read all posts by the instructor and be familiar with all material raised during the discussion.Please note that posting all responses in one day or in a short period of time is equivalent to showing up to a seated class for a brief period. If you do not actively participate in the Forum, then by comment you are not meeting the negligible requirements and you will be graded accordingly. Actively participating means checking the Forum often and responding with in-depth answers which show mastery of course material. Minimum participation will yield minimum grades (that means a C).In order to fully discuss your topic, you will want to distinguish what your thoughts were before doing your reading, what you learned from your reading (being sure to cite with proper citation course material in your response) and most importantly how your reading has affected your understanding of the topic.The questions for each week are as follows Remember, answer using a minimum of 400 wordsWeek One Initial post Sept. 26 by 800 p.m. Responses due by Sun. Se pt. 29 at 800 p.m. Prior to taking this course, had you ever noticed that Genesis has two creation stories (11-24a and 24b- 225)? base on your current study, what is the purpose of these stories? What are the major themes in these stories? Compare and contrast what they give about God. Compare and contrast what they reveal about what it means to be human. Compare and contrast the order of creation in each story.Week Two Initial post Oct. 3 by 800 p.m. Responses due by Sun. Oct. 6 at 800 p.m. The Ten Commandments are found in the Old Testament in Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5. Compare and contrast the versions of the Ten Commandments found in these two scripture passages. How do scholars account for their differences? What does the human relationship between the Ten Commandments and Hammurabis Code reveal about the role of apodictic law in the Ancient Near East?Week Three Initial post Oct. 10 by 800 p.m. Responses due by Sun. Oct. 13 at 800 p.m. Discuss the differences you have foun d in your studies between how judges were selected and their method of ruling, and how Kings David and Solomon were selected and how they ruled. How did the change from tribal confederacy under the judges to the monarchial society under a king impact the lives of the people?Week Four Initial post Oct. 17 by 800 p.m. Responses due by Sun. Oct. 20 at 800 p.m. How does Coogan define Old Testament prophecy? Based on Coogans definition, how is the term prophecy often mis dumb today? Based on your readings in Coogan, to whom were the prophecies addressed and when were they expected to be fulfilled? What were several themes or concerns of the prophets of the Old Testament? Pay particular attention to Amos, Ezekiel, and Deutero-Isaiah (Isaiah 40-66)?5. There will be a final exam which must be taken before 1155 p.m. on thorium, ___Nov. 7____. The final exam will be available root word Saturday, _Nov. 2__. You may take the exam at your convenience during the last week of class. It is a tim ed exam and you will have 2 hours to completeit.The exam may only be taken once, so once you begin the exam you must finish it. Once your time has expired, the exam is officially over. The ruff way to prepare for this exam is to review the text, your responses to the study questions, and your instructors feedback to your study question response.Please note the student is responsible for having a reliable internet connection and a browser that are compatible with the format for the online test.Please Take Note of the Following Concerning All Assignments If you are in an Online course By signing up to take an online course, the student accepts all responsibility for having properly functioning information processing system equipment and for understanding how to navigate the online courseincluding but not limited to complete understanding of Moodle, the MOC email system, and how to submit assignments.In addition, students are responsible for turning all assignments in on time. In the event of an tinge that may hinder the ability to turn something in on time, students should fulfill the instructor before the assignment is due. If you do not contact the professor before the deadline, it is too latenot contacting me ahead of time means that you have chosen to miss the due date. Determining what constitutes an emergency and whether to accept late assignments is remaining solely to the instructors discretion.Grading SystemThe students performance in this course will be evaluated as followsStudy Questions40 points (10 points per week)Discussion Board/Question of the Week responses20 points (5 points per week)Research Project20 points final examination examination20 pointsTotal Points100 pointsGrades will be awarded as follows (please note that the Department of Religion uses a 7-point scale)A=93-100 ptsExcellent, well above minimum requirements, superior work and subject mastery (In papers, little to no grammatical, recite or data formatting errors. roleplay con tains clear evidence of superior levels of scholarly analysis, synthetic thinking, and relevant application. In discussion display board posts there is evidence of superior critical thinking and analysis of course material.)B=85-92 ptsAbove Average, above minimum requirements, excellent work and subject mastery (In papers, little to no grammatical, spelling or formatting errors. Work contains clear evidence of excellent levels of scholarly analysis, synthesis, and relevant application. In discussion board posts there is evidence of strong critical thinking and analysis of course material.)C=77-84 ptsAverage, minimum requirements completed, satisfactory understanding of subject (In papers, some grammatical, spelling or formatting errors. Work contains little to no evidence of scholarly analysis, synthesis and relevant application. Majority of work consists of recalling facts, making general summary statements and restating the thoughts of others. In discussion board posts there is e vidence of understanding course material but little to no critical thinking or analysis.)D=70-76 ptsPoor, minimum requirements not met, poor work and understanding of subject (In papers, unsatisfactory amount of grammatical, spelling and formatting errors. No evidence of scholarly analysis, synthesis and relevant application. In discussion board posts there is no evidence of understanding, critical thinking or analysis of course material.)F=below 70 pts Failing, minimum requirements not met, failing work and understanding of subject. (In papers, below poor amount of grammatical, spelling and formatting error. No evidence of scholarly analysis, synthesis and relevant application.)Please note I only give out the grade that you have earned. You are responsible for your grade.CommunicationThe only acceptable form of email communication for students is the MOC email account. Students may expect messages from me on this account. Failure to check your MOC e-mail account is not an acceptab le excuse for absent messages. You are responsible for checking your e-mail on a regular fanny (i.e., daily) for messages concerning this course. Failing to check your email on a regular basis is not an excuse for missing important information. If you have difficulties accessing Moodle or your e-mail account, contact Information Technology at pcsupportmoc.edu or call 919.658.2502 ext. 3022.Academic Questions, Comments or ComplaintsAll academic issues must be first brought to your instructor. Your instructors contact information is at the top of this syllabus.In the event that you and your instructor cannot resolve an issue, the next step is to contact the Division Chair. The Division Chairs contact information is also at the top of this syllabus.To access the Honor Policy and information about Student Success Center Resources and Moye library, please refer to Moodle or the following website http//www.moc.edu/index.php/academic-honor-policy-and-info-resourceCourse Outline and Assign mentsWeek One1. Email me to introduce yourself and to indicate that you have understood the syllabus. Note this is the time to ask questions if you have them. If you do not have any questions at this time, I will assume that you understand the syllabus. Saying later on in the course that you have misunderstand something is not an excuse. Include the following statement I have fully read the course syllabus and understand the assignments andmethod of grading. I also fully understand what plagiarism is in relation to each assignment, study questions, forum, and project.You must type your name at the end of the email. If you do not fully understand the syllabus or the honor policy, make sure to ask any questions you may have before sending this email.2.Read Coogan, Chapters 1-5.3.Read related passages in the Old Testament.4. Answer the following study questions, submitting your answers by Friday __Oct. 4_____ at 800 p.m. (EST) Chapter 3 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Chapter 4 1, 2, 3, 4Chapter 5 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 65.Dont forget to post your sign Forum posts to the question of the week by Thursday. Week One Initial post due Thursday Sept. 26 by 800 p.m. Follow up responses by Sun. Sept. 29 at 800 p.m.6. dismount working on research project.Week Two1.Read Coogan, Chapters 6-102.Read related passages in the Old Testament.3.Answer the following study questions, submitting your answers by Friday __Oct. 11_____ at 800 p.m. (EST)Chapter 6 1, 3, 4, 5, 6Chapter 7 1, 2, 3Chapter 8 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7Chapter 9 1, 2Chapter 10 1, 2, 34.Dont forget to post your initial Forum posts to the question of the week by Thursday. Week Two initial posts due by Thursday Oct. 3 at 800 p.m. Follow up responses by Sun. Oct. 6 at 800 p.m.5.Continue working on research projects.Week Three1.Read Coogan, Chapters 11-152.Read related passages in the Old Testament.3.Answer the following study questions, submitting your answers by Friday __Oct. 18____ at 800 p.m. (EST) Chapter 11 2, 4, 5, 6, 7Chapter 12 1, 2, 3Ch apter 13 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Chapter 14 1, 2, 3, 4Chapter 15 1, 2, 34.Dont forget to post your initial Forum posts to the question of the week by Thursday. Week Three initial posts due by Thursday Oct. 10 by 800 p.m. Follow up responses by Sun. Oct 13 at 800 p.m.5. Continue working on research projects.Week Four1.Read Coogan, Chapters 16-222. Answer the following study questions, submitting your answers by Friday __Oct. 25____ at 800 p.m. (EST) Chapter 16 1, 2, 3Chapter 17 1, 2, 3, 4Chapter 18 1, 2, 3Chapter 19 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Chapter 20 1, 2, 3Chapter 21 1, 2, 3, 4Chapter 22 2, 43.Read related passages in the Old Testament.4. Continue working on your research projects.5. Dont forget to post your initial Forum posts to the question of the week by Thursday. Week Four initial posts due by Thursday Oct. 17 at 800 p.m. Follow up responses by Sun. Oct. 20 at 800 p.m.Week Five1. Read Coogan, Chapters 23-24 and Appendix2.Research Project must be submitted by Saturday, __Nov. 2____ at 1155 p.m. (EST) .2.Take the Final Exam by Thursday, __Nov. 7____ at 1155 p.m. (EST).NOTE Late week 5 work will not be accepted. Non-negotiable.